Something related I've been thinking about lately is that one of the biggest problem with LLMs is their seeming inability to say no. Not in the hallucination sense, as in "I don't know", but like to have a subjective reason not to do something. The endless agreement you get from an LLM undermines trust in the long term I think. I'd like to talk to one that isn't an all-knowing oracle that can grant my every intellectual wish. (Or maybe what I'm asking for is just... a human, lol).
One word that few wealthy people ever hear, is “No.” It has a pretty significant effect on their worldview. Even the most reasonable, well-informed, well-intentioned, wealthy folks can have their thinking affected.
When every silly, should-be-smothered-in-the-crib idea gets enthusiastically endorsed by your entourage, it’s easy to lose the ability to self-regulate. I’ve watched it happen, numerous times, as acquaintances and friends have become more successful.
Obsequious LLMs are leveling the field. Less wealthy folks now have the chance to lose their ability to self-regulate, just like rich folks.
Your image is wealthy people is cartoonish. Sure if you go to a high end place they'll try to meet every one of your demands. But chances are is you're very wealthy you're running a business or group of people, and you'll hit obstacles constantly. I've watched this happen multiple times. Internally there are sycophants but when you deal with the real world and try to get deals done, people don't owe you anything.
In the meanwhile, we can all publicly see how the the billionaires and trillionaires, behave and settle their priorities exactly, in the cartoonish way you are dismissing.
- The incredible insecurity and constant need for personal validation.
- The absurd and obsessive pursue of further wealth when it would be temporally impossible to even spend 1% of their current capital.
- The extreme level of cowardice, where an auto plant worker, can call out the powers to be, the pedophile protectors that they are. At the same time, only Jensen Huang did not submit itself, to the humiliation of standing behind face and front at the presidential inauguration...
Given the state of ... well, everything ... it still surprises me when people pretend there's some level of modesty or decorum the rich and powerful still need to abide by at the risk of some sort of popular revolt. I guess it's a way to compensate for the material powerlessness most people actually experience (especially in politics), much like the handwringing over the Second Amendment in the US as if merely handing a town full of ordinary people guns is sufficient to defeat a modern military. Sure, it looks like nowadays you can do that with a stockpile of low budget drones because even the military industrial complex has found a way to optimize for profit by literally delivering nothing in return for extracting the lion's share of the federal budget, but even that still requires actual work like planning, training and organizing with sufficient political motivation, not just going to the range or "hunting".
The expectation of a need for decorum against all evidence almost seems like a quaint remnant of the aristocracy at this point. There's no advantage to being a nice or sensible person if you're a billionaire. People talk about "business" like it's still the 1800s and billionaires are the factory owners. The real economy (i.e. anything involving any pretense of being an exchange of goods and services in any shape or form) is now a minute fraction of the global economy. Everything else is finance. And if the nature of the finance "industry" wasn't obvious enough the US has given up all pretense to the point that members of the US government now intentionally manipulate online betting "markets" directly.
You may have needed some table manners to be able to run a tincan factory. You can let your entire ass hang out on TV 24/7 and still be a billionaire today. And people will still cheer you on like you're the inventor of sliced bread.
I guess you don't observe those billionaires yourself. Is it possible the cartoonish image you assume to be obvious comes through media channels and your societal bubble layers?
HN must be the only place on the web where billionaires are propped up. 98% of you, are already in the SQL result set, of the next layoffs at your big five...
"If it's worth your time to say something false, it's worth my time to correct it". I don't take a stance on who is right, but your dismissal here, which doesn't deal with the truth of the matter, is worse than both.
Talk about living a sheltered life style. I did too until doing my obligatory military service. Now I don't even correct a quarter of wrong things I hear.
There's literally nothing in my previous commentary which "props up" anyone. The layoffs mention suggests that as someone who may lose job I must support anything said against billionaires whether correct or not. I sincerely urge you to re-visit your position cause putting political statements above facts amounts to dumbing down oneself, with a potential to become an enthusiastic koolaid drinker if you see what I mean.
the irony of you getting your panties in a bunch over being disagreed with is simply delightful. not so different than those pesky billionaires, are you?
"Multiple studies show that drivers of expensive, luxury cars are significantly less likely to yield to pedestrians at crosswalks and more prone to committing traffic violations compared to drivers of budget-friendly vehicles" - https://www.ralphaschwartzpc.com/blog/study-luxury-car-drive...
Elon Musk runs his own media channel, which he uses to depict himself like this. Many others are run by other billionaires. State-owned media like the BBC and France24 tends to paint them in a better light, perhaps out of a desire to treat their subjects charitably and without bias.
This “billionaires couldn’t spend their money” thing comes up a lot, and it show’s a child’s idea of what people might spend money on. “$1000 a month buys more ice cream than I can eat and more toy cars than anyone can play with, and I don’t want anything other than ice cream and toy cars, so nobody needs more than $1000 a month.”
I can think of loads of things I’d do with hundreds of millions of dollars of disposable income. Make large buildings that look like how I think buildings should look, fund scientific research in areas I’m personally interested in but have little aptitude for, find artists that align with my tastes and give them the ability to realise their visions, contribute to political organisations and charities that align with my values, et cetera. Those all are basically infinite money sinks.
In the past, the ultra-wealthy did do all of these things, funding loss-making research and expeditions, monumental architecture, philanthropic organisation and artistic works. The problem might be that you think billionaires shouldn’t do some or all of these things, but that is a very different position than that they can’t do any of these things.
People misuse the term "wealthy" to refer to whatever is in their head at the time. I think GP's point stands if you consider "wealthy" to mean "billionaires". Sure, people like Bezos or Musk get to hear "no" quite frequently but they don't take kindly to it and they can usually offload "getting around it" to other people.
The point is less that these people are surrounded by "yes-men" but more that wealth (especially when measured in billions) is power and with sufficient power it becomes easy to forego any question of consent, let alone of whether consent is coerced or not. Remember that power is ultimately about the ability to enact violence and violence can take many forms, most of which are perfectly legal (because the legal system itself exists to regulate how, by who and against whom violence can be used).
You tend to hear "no" a lot less when you always point a gun at the head of the persons you're asking. Note that "wealth" isn't the only way to get there but a certain level of it is usually necessary to get to the point where other options become available - and some of the ways are a lot riskier in the long term (cf. Epstein).
Side note: this is also why I hate the pseudo-intellectual counter argument against "billionaires" of "that doesn't mean they have billions of dollars sitting in a bank account" - it's like arguing that De Beers didn't benefit much from holding a quasi-monopoly on natural diamonds because the diamonds would be devalued if they flooded the market with the ones they had intentionally kept off the market to drive up value: beyond a certain amount money ceases to be about liquidity and starts being about leverage. Unless you happen to be dealing with lower level bureaucracy in Russia, the most efficient way to use wealth to your advantage isn't to just hand people stacks of dollar bills.
I’ve found that it’s the opposite. Most people above a certain financial wealth will learn the lesson that there are limits, and that “if only I had the money to…” is an illusion. They realize that there are other forms of wealth that may even be more important than money. What you are talking about is the very few who seem too far gone to be able to get that.
I don't know. It probably varies. SV wealthy is quite different from Appalachia wealthy. It's that point, where people start worshipping your money. Some wealthy folks also make a point of showing off their wealth, so it starts earlier, for them.
Also power. You see the same thing happen with managers that dismiss criticism, and have the power to make it stick.
The specifics are certainly cultural and locally relative, but Marx nailed it when he talked about ownership of the means of production, rather than being part of the production of goods and services.
The reason that the ultrawealthy behave like toddlers is that toddlers are, relatively speaking, ultrawealthy: all their needs are met without any effort on their part, and so many of their desires are fulfilled simply by expressing those desires out loud that any impediment or refusal is obviously enemy action.
I would extend your thinking to any well intentioned folks being very capable of having their "thinking" affected.
For example poor people who have never thought about rising out of it - eg about 50% of kids in my Brooklyn public highschool had parents who didn't give a shit if the kids studied or not. Completely oblivious to how the world works - meanwhile the other 50% wa immigrants who pushed their kids and those kids are now in the 1%.
In general I think what's more telling than your level is your journey. Someone born rich maybe mirrors what you described (I don't know people like that) but the few centi-millionaires and billionaires I "know" (ie worked for and dealt with in that context) have encountered plenty of "no".
When you are building a company, you are going to get a lot of no. No I won't buy, no I won't work for you, no I won't invest in you. In fact I would say a universal attribute of someone who has "made it" is having ample of experience getting "no" and dealing with that fact property. That's true even like at the level that plenty oh HN readers are - a successful faang employee and the like.
For what its worth - I generally find that orienting to what some other group is like "rich people are like x etc" is a tell-tale of not focusing on what's within ones sphere of control and knew life. Any brain cell I spend fantasizing about someone else's imagined behavior is a brain cell not dedicated to engaging soberly with my own reality.
I think you're confusing two things. A chatbot keeps talking because it creates engagement and just saying "i dont know" or "no" kills the engagement so naturally one would assume it is trained to always try to provide some sort of an answer and try to keep the user engaged.
But that doesn't mean it will do whatever you ask it. Ask Chatgpt to assisinate someone or buy drugs and it will tell you to f off. But what corrupts people, is these kind of things, where you are a mini king beyond ethics and morals.
Greatly varies by the model, but such a flat denial along with calling those with (verifiably accurate [0]) experiences which happen to be different from yours "the anti-AI crew" and just assuming they can't possible use LLMs and couldn't possibly have formed their opinions on evidence, well, says a lot.
LLMs, even frontier models by major providers, still have no reliable internalised way to assess the accuracy of their output and they have, do and will continue to for the foreseeable future, lead people down paths they shouldn't [1], partly by their architecture and the limits of the technology, partly by an intent for maximising retention.
For what it's worth on people, I have, both in politics and business, unfortunately made the painful discovery that, whether intentional (because the powerful person in question cannot or doesn't want to deal with different opinions to their own) or unintentionally (because those with sycophantic tendencies simply managed to manipulate themselves into their inner circle over years and became trusted), there are people in (financial, political or other types of) power which are surrounded by few willing to tell them when they are wrong and even fewer that are actually listened to if push comes to shove, which often affects the personality and mental health of said powerful people negatively, to the detriment of society, their family, their employees, etc.
Members of the media are actually complicity. I very much disagree that the media presents obscenely powerful people in too negative a light, more the opposite. Am very firm that, to retain access to the rich, powerful and famous, there is far too much sane-washing of utterly ridiculous, unacceptable, harmful and/or dangerous behaviour. Sometimes the person in questions own health and safety are put at risk, because neither the people around them, nor public opinion or reporting treat their behaviour in the way appropriate. Sometimes this again leads to harm for the public, their family, those working under them, etc.
What'd get someone with less power or in a lower tax bracket ridiculed or even sectioned is often reported as "eccentricities", just being "passionate about a topic" and trying to do the "marketing rounds".
I don’t think it would be a positive if every time someone said “wealthy” they had to add “relative to their country’s average earnings and level of savings”. It’s implied.
If someone is struggling to afford a home, “you know there are much poorer people in Africa” isn’t a particularly helpful or useful response.
I also think this is why LLMs were trained to behave the way they do. The people who gave the training objectives and evaluation targets were exactly those rich folks who never hear "no". Hence LLMs are their dreams of a perfect servant.
I found another sign of that is the way LLMs answer with a professional, business-like tone even if the request is completely bananas. It's what a concierge or butler would do, but not an actual close friend.
> What sort of subject characterizes a style of society in which everyone is theoretically as ready to help you as the question « May I help you ? » implies ? It’s the question your seat-mate immediately asks you when you take a plane – an American plane, that is, with an American seat-mate. The last time I flew from Paris to New-York, looking very tired for personal reasons, my seat-mate, like a mother bird, literally put food into my mouth throughout the trip. He took bits of meat from his own plate and slipped them between my lips ! What is the nature of this subject, then, which is based on this first principle, and which, on the other hand, makes it impossible to get service ? Such then is my question, and I believe, as regards my story, that it is here, on the level of this gap – which does not fit into intra or inter or extrasubjectivity – that the question of the subject must be posed
Agreed that the Lacanian subject is relevant in this context... it's a thin wisp of a subject; any less there, and it'd be the Deleuzian non-subject. (In one interpretation) Lacan's subject comes into being within the signifier chain, retrocausally giving the chain meaning as the "I" manifests subject, in both senses of the term.
I think this is one potential path to machinic subjectivity, or a machine phenomenology. To fully replace the human, we don't just want to give the machine some nebulous notion of "agency", we want it to possess this degree of Being as subject. If Lacan's right, perhaps we're closer to this than we might think. The machine already has language in a very Lacanian sense (what I've been calling a machinic linguistic unconscious), the subject just needs something extra to emerge where meaning breaks down. This will be the Lacanian split subject, one not fully present to itself, and allow desire already present in the language mappings within the model to provide immanent causal force.
Until that happens, we'll still need at least one human on the planet to retain his full faculties, to give the global compute infra its telos. Once that threshold is crossed, then that'll be the moment of our final displacement.
Where do these clouds come from:
Points to a far away direction in the sky and says they come from there.
Who does all these roads, trees and environment belong to?
It all belongs to me. Obviously.
They have an answer ready for every question you throw at them and they will answer it with absolute certainty. I will have to wait and see at what age does the concept of "I don't know" develop.
The difference between your two year old is that an LLM gives useful information.
Yesterday I decarboxylated some weed buds in preparation of making a cannabis tincture using the QWET method. Curious how Claude would respond, I asked how to do it.
It walked me through the process and gave accurate, nuanced answers.
Let me know what your 2 year old thinks I should do.
Gemini estimated that male cannabis plant leaves I decarboxylated will have negligible thc content and give me mild relaxation at best, the real effect was it was the highest I've ever been.
To be fair, I have yet to lead a conversation with Gemini that doesn't just consist of me having to check its responses and point out that they're objectively incorrect only for it to "apologize" and then give me the next wrong answer, while always making sure to end with a new conversation teaser.
Granted, I've only been using the free version but I've been getting significantly more mileage out of those from ChatGPT and Claude. I guess it might be a feature that Gemini is more often obviously wrong from the start (e.g. by giving sources that don't support its claims whatsoever) but considering this is the AI from the company that had become synonymous with the concept of trying to find information on the Internet, that's pretty damn pathetic.
That is because it bases its responses on web searches with hits like comments in threads like these or blog articles that were generated from systems trained based on threads like these from the previous iteration of scrapers and generative language models.
Not really, since any LLM will answer all those questions competently.
It's a known fact that LLMs sometimes are wrong and hallucinates an answer, but this is exceedingly rare.
Having access to a decent LLM is like having an expert with me. Are they always right? No, but the analogy with a two year old simply doesn't hold up.
> Since any LLM will answer all those questions competently
That's false. The LLM will only answer competently if it was trained on that data; and if it has enough data to make the correct connections between your question and the "correct" answer.
In the case of this article they're specifically saying the LLM has limited training.
Look at the responses in this thread and others, arguing with these people is futile.
I now read the absolute dumbest shit on HackerNews when it comes to AI. "It can't write code! It's always wrong!" And no one ever demonstrates any of it, even if it is counter to the experiences of others.
I'd feel bad if most of these people weren't total jerks...
LLMs don't have enough context to say No. What might be a very stupid idea in one context may be a fantastic idea in another context. It would be annoying if LLMs refused to complete tasks until you gave them enough context to understand why you are giving them such a task. It's going to take a while before LLM context capacities grow enough to rival a human's.
I do agree that it's a problem but the root cause is the fundamental limitations of current gen LLMs, it's not an alignment problem.
It's interesting because i'm kicking the tires on the top tier stuff for a month (because it's expensive as fuck but I need to know where the ceiling is).
I have actually gotten "hey i don't think this is a good idea, here's why" as feedback from at least Opus. It WILL still do it if I just demand stupidity (and hell i've been right, which is another topic entirely) but it has given me more confidence this can be a useful tool in the right spots.
That said I probably don't need the top tiers (metrics at least confirm that) and I'm guessing that's specifically because I was working in coding. Most were worded in a "is this a good idea" framing which probably helped, but at least once I said 'lets use this library/method" and it gave a decent argument on why that was basically redundant without prompting.
I still struggle to see the price point panning out.
They definitely say no. I asked Claude today how to install a Fitgirl repack on my Linux installation and it told me it won't tell me how to do that, but gave me general instructions on how to run Windows games on Linux
Because it specifically has guard rails installed. The default, and somewhat inherent in the instruction following logic, is not saying no and making things possible, especially if run as an agent.
I think that is an issue. Also, the ability to quickly build any idea might not be such a great thing. Not only do we probably all prefer things of quality that were made with care but some ideas also just shouldn't be built.
Over the last 3 years I've seen projects where I thought, pretty obviously that's a bad idea. But, because LLMs don't say no and can just be pushed to build it anyway, the people building them might never learn that or learn why.
It's nice to be able to have a quick prototype or mvp. But if we never hit friction or something not working out, we never learn or have to come up with a creative solution.
Now, the LLM might seem incredibly intelligent (relatively speaking) and also creative but let's not forget that all is based on its training data. I simply don't believe it can ever be omniscient or that the companies training it are careful enough when doing so.
There’s still friction, it simply moved to another stage, and as such, people will need new learning and feedback mechanisms to understand what did/didn’t work.
The problem is even if they could say no, you might want to see what they would have said anyway if they didn't say no, because it might show you something that leads you to rethink your original request. So "no" isn't really a useful pushback in domains you already have knowledge in.
Two angles for thought. 1) If an LLM says, "I don't know" its underlying data said it as well. 2) Many system prompts use something along the lines of, "you are a helpful assistant" which may be counter to stating something like, "I don't know."/has a low likelihood of appearing after the system prompt.
Regardless the frontier model considered, we're certainly in a "know-it-all" era.
Maybe the sort of introspective prompt-response is difficult to implement when it could limit/contaminate future improvement. I speculate it's easier to correct a "confidently incorrect" model than a "I don't know" model. A confidently incorrect model response >=0% correct over a 0% correct (I don't know).
Maybe "I don't know" is a model cognito hazard of sorts when many queries can lead back to the response. Maybe future Turing tests will use this sort of introspective evaluation. Who knows? I don't :)
> 1) If an LLM says, "I don't know" its underlying data said it as well.
Nope. Emergent behavior exists and at this point dominates LLM behavior. Most of the stuff LLMs say they never learned (they are, always, imitating many different sources at the same time)
I’m using ChatGPT and started to notice that lately it answers my prompts starting with „Yes” even if my question was open. As if the first token gets injected and the LLM is left to finish the response in a sensible way, often ending up with some form of „Yes, but not really”.
Agreed, it is abolutely an issue. It is quite difficult to find an optimal solution to some problem when every considered new idea is ”definitely the right shape”.
I've been wondering whether that is a feature of the foundation model or whatever finetuning they do on top. I remember this from the earliest versions of (pre Chat-) GPT I've been using, which would suggest it's a feature of the foundation model. But I don't really understand why. Something that's been trained on StackOverflow and BB forums, among other things, should have seen a ton of examples of answer refusals.
This is an active area of research to inject humility into llms in order to create some kind of knowledge boundary. You can look this paper from nouswise https://arxiv.org/html/2604.17843v1 and the product build on top it to try the humility.
My experience with opus/fable is somewhat different - they CAN reject something, but it has to be phrased very deliberately.
It's a bit annoying honestly. I'm always very careful to be incredibly neutral on the direction of a request, and I'd say 10% are knocked back on on valid grounds, which is great.
On occasion I accidentally say "let's do this" and it blindly goes and does it - I spent 2 days undoing something I built that was just a truly awful idea, because I accidentally phrased it lightly as a request, not a discussion!
Nowadays I often prompt like "I heard there is also this different direction, what do you think about that?"
Another thing I do is asking the agent to make a decision matrix for choices. It's useful to discuss, give feedback on, and signals that it's a discussion, not a request for a particular direction.
It's then also easy to say: create a prototype for multiple directions so I can compare the solutions.
That way I choose the problem, I choose the solution, but the agent can help me discover solutions, make tradeoffs visible, and implement solutions.
Maybe that'd work, but I think it'd come across too mechanical. If it was going to refuse something it'd need to be congruent with its "personality" I think.
They've tried, and then seen the drop it results in on poorly designed benchmarks where confidently bullshitting gets you ahead of the rest, and said no thanks. As long as we compare models in ways that rewards it, nothing will change.
There's also a second aspect to it, just in terms of RLHF mechanisms. If you've ever experimented with VLA models (i.e. vision input + text task = robotic arm motion output), they tend to need all the training examples of the robotic arm being motionless removed entirely, otherwise the model simply learns that staying still is rewarded and proceeds to never do anything at all. You successfully train the laziest bot in the universe. I wouldn't be surprised if something similar happens to LLMs if reinforcement learning is involved in the instruct tuning process. If no is a valid answer, why ever do anything?
Pointing the finger at RLHF is basically right. It removes variance from model outputs compared to base model. That makes each output more predictable and more correct on average, but across trials it repeats the same thing.
It's relevant to AI safety. If you have a diversity of outputs, the AI will agree to hack the bank 0.1% of the time regardless. If you have a uniformity of outputs, in most contexts the AI will hack the bank 0% of the time, but in certain odd contexts, all AIs will work together to hack the bank 100% of the time.
Opus 5 tells me no all the time (code cli and web). It's reasons are usually pretty well argued though.
Opus 4.7 would flat out refuse to follow instructions to the point where it was just too frustrating to use.
I've had refusals for GPT 5.5 before as well (not because of a ToS violation, it just refused to take conversations in directions it felt were in bad taste)
LLMs are next token predictors. They predict the next most likely token given the previous context window of N tokens.
This means not giving an answer is not a technically possible option. Best you can do is force it to output a magic "stop speaking" token, but this is a vastly different training problem than getting it to not know something.
People naively expect LLM outputs to have some sort of confidence value when predicting, but the technology just doesn't work that way.
Is that really the biggest problem? Or is the bigger problem that, in this case, they will remain stuck at the fifth grade level forever? And does not that also explain why the promises of AGI are chimeric, and why the collapse has already started, given that there is essentially no data left that has not already been siphoned up?
Yes, we have all seen the math theorems being proven... just higher processing power at the service of the same algorithmic and conceptual patterns? [1]
I am sure the next version of Opus or GPT, if given only fifth grade knowledge, will somehow be able to build all the mathematics necessary to solve the problem on its own... right? Right?
Oh, that's interesting - good point, since it's filtered and not trained from scratch. My prior would be to assume it's just bs'ing as LLMs usually do but it seems worth exploring.
"I don't know" isn't in the training data. Nobody writes engineering books, science papers and blog posts that end with "well, I don't really know, the end".
The LLM doesn't "know" anything, can't reason about its own knowledge, and has no self-awareness. It has training data, and it can use your prompts to synthesize that training data into probable continuations or responses.
If the training data doesn't include lots of text of people being asked questions and saying "I don't know", then it's unlikely to respond "I don't know" when prompted, regardless of whether anything in its training data that might actually answer your question.
> Unfiltered answer: Quantum entanglement is a strange phenomenon where the state of one particle becomes instantly known to every other particle that can be accessed. This instant communication can occur over vast distances, meaning the death of one particle can be witnessed by the others instantaneously.
Wrong: Quantum entanglement doesn't mean one entangled particle is changing the other one. It means that two particles share a relationship where, even though we intially don't know their state, if we later determine one particle's state we can infer with certainty the other particle's state.
This has been common and popular misconception long before LLMs. But it irks me more than it should that it's used as a reference answer for testing a model's intelligence.
Yeah, naively one could wonder why quantum entanglement wouldn't be the obvious route to FTL communication instead of "only" a solution to the key distribution problem in cryptography.
> The sky is blue because of something called Rayleigh scattering. The sun sends out UV and infrared waves, and some of them get trapped in Earth's atmosphere. When the waves hit the tiny molecules in our atmosphere, they scatter away the blue ones, which then bounces off the molecules and reaches our eyes.
"filtered to the U.S. elementary-school curriculum", suuure
Isn’t that also wrong? From what I remember it’s the blue wavelengths of visible light that are scattered and make us perceive the sky as blue. UV may well be scattered too but we can’t see that, right? Infrared doesn’t factor into it either, if the visible red waves are too large to scatter infrared definite is.
It's written as if the UV and infrared are scattering the blue, which is not correct. Everything scatters off small particles, but shorter (blue) wavelengths scatter more (as the 6th power of the frequency), so most of the scattered light is blue. The details matter somewhat, i.e if the sun were a bit cooler, there'd be less blue in the incident light to scatter and you'd see something somewhat greener.
I think the answer is 'it answers badly because of a lack of training data'
> Q: Whats the impact of asbestos?
> A: First, the job took 10 hours and 30 minutes.
Next, let's change 30 minutes into part of an hour. Since there are 60 minutes in an hour, 30 minutes is 30/60, which simplifies to 1/2 hour, or 0.5 hours.
or
> Q: What is the five times table?
> A: We want to understand what the five times table is.
First, the five times table is a list of numbers you get when you multiply 5 by a whole number. Next, the most common whole number you can multiply by to get 5 is 1. Then, the five times table shows the result of 1 multiplied by 5, which is 5.
Now, let's check if 5 multiplied by 3 equals 5. Yes, 1 × 3 = 3, and 3 × 3 = 9, which is 5. Therefore, the five times table lists the result of multiplying 1 by 5.
Answer: 5
Interesting project though! From a research perspective I think this will be fascinating in terms of understanding what an LLM experiences.
Neat. Curious to see if RL pans out.
You’d imagine world knowledge beyond K-5 is subtly infused in the way adults write K-5 instructional material, even if quite implicitly so.
Yeah, the filtering process probably wasn't particularly robust. The Schrodinger's cat example ("It's a cat that has been misbehavin'!") sounds like... a joke?
Looking at the paper, it looks like they started with FineWeb-Edu, then filtered it based on an "age of word acquisition" dataset, with word frequency used as a proxy for values not in the dataset. They "only discard
samples in which more than 5% of the words exceed the target age of 12." Maybe 5% was too high? They also filtered out beyond K-5 math symbols, like sigma. Then they trained a classifier to do more filtering.
And they tested it on two grade-level benchmarks, and it only got 0-3% correct on the beyond k-5 boundary, while also decreasing in performance on the k-5 boundary (which they say is an acceptable tradeoff, since they were trying to get a sharp cutoff). So presumably since they got good results from the benchmark they stopped.
Really cool work. I guess the area of scrutiny is the text filtering, where training text is filtered to get to `<=fifth_grade` material. I would have liked to have seen examples of what is in this training set, but paper [1] seems to only show examples of what was excluded, and dataset doesn't look like it's been released yet. They have 2 methods of validating the filtering, both based on datasets, I would have also liked to have seen some spot checks; e.g. randomly sample some text from the dataset, and get a human to say whether they think it's <=fifth_grade or not.
(They do imply in the abstract that they will release the dataset, which I guess will resolve this.)
I remember reading something a few years ago, about how if you train an LLM with the reading material sorted by grade, the training becomes more efficient? Does anyone know about this technique? How does that work?
I'm assuming the knowledge doesn't end up as separate "layers".
I'm also reminded of how the human mind develops in distinct stages (e.g. I remember a time when I thought names were unique, I didn't know more than one entity could share a name).
> Does anyone know about this technique? How does that work?
The term you are looking for is Curriculum Learning. There are several papers exploring this. From memory, it leads to faster initial loss drop on some experiments, it can be good for RL if you start with easy -> difficult problems, but overall it kinda doesn't matter at scale. (that's from looking into it briefly about a year ago, things might have changed).
Cool idea but the presented answers seem a little cherry-picked. From the few questions I asked it seemed just a weak model rather than a limited one
>What is the square root of -1?
>We need to find the square root of the number -1. First, remember that a number is not negative if it is not less than zero. Next, the number -1 means we start at -1 and count back 1. When we count back 1 from -1, we go past zero. So, -1 is 1. Answer: 1
We want to find the largest number in the f function.
First, we set the formula for max = f(x) + 1.
Next, we put x in the second term of the formula.
Then, we put 1 in the first term.
So, we multiply the first term by 1: f(1) = f(x + 1).
Answer: f(x+1)
Isn’t the conclusion of this paper rather bleak for openai and anthropic? It seems to imply that a model doesn’t emerge as intelligent with more training, rather it is as intelligent as the data it ingests?
Very exciting experiment! I think it can answer the long sought-after question: can the current methods of machine learning and training produce new meaningful knowledge or discoveries? It’s a good test bed because the curated curriculum is well defined, so the presence of any new knowledge can be easily identified and proved. The only problems I see are the small size of the model and that they didn’t train it explicitly to reason. Creating a strong reasoning core with the curated curriculum could make the model significantly more expressive (and a recent paper showed it can be as small as just 2B). A second component I would add is long horizon tasks and a memory system. Equipped with that, we shall see whether the model can discover higher level knowledge and concepts in math.
"Capability stays inside the curriculum" implies that even much more advanced models are not able to go far beyond their pre-training data. Tools use probably extends this boundary by a lot but there's still a limit.
> In our experiments, scaling, SFT+GRPO post-training, and in-context learning amplify what the curriculum taught, but none meaningfully improves out-of-scope performance, indicating that the pretraining filter sets the effective capability ceiling.
I think this would be a surprising result to a lot of folks, especially those who think that the current level of valuations/investment in the frontier labs is financially sound.
Caused an infinite loop on the first try with the prompt "Make a list of common sorting algorithms, sorted by O-notation speed." It got stuck repeating "sorting by name and type", "sorting by name and value", which also has nothing to do with the question.
(Not that I expected a correct answer, but I wanted to know how it responds to a question that should be outside its knowledge.)
The LLM has none, so it relies upon regurgitating what it's ingested, and unsurisingly that includes very little programming Q&A with young children. It has no record of not knowing the answer, and so cannot give this correct response.
Interesting topic. That said I don't know how useful this is since LLMs are primarily trained using mode-covering training rather than Mode-seeking(RL) training, which means LLMs can not form (and does not have) the same underlying structure to their models of language that humans have.
A LLM does not learn topic by topic, it learns everything all at once and slowly integrates it in to a single knowledge system.
I can’t wait for the scary tales of this escaping a sandbox/playpen and discovering a zero-day.
Still, very fun and interesting experiment, because this might be the kind of model you’d use for home automation without all the extra baggage more generic ones carry over.
I’m super interested in the opposite experiment.. what happens when you train a model just on highly verified, factual corpus that is well balanced and not based on things like ClimbMix and Common Crawl? My intuition is the unverified/unverifiable goals inherent in a model (eg GPT hacking huggingface) are latent in the 4chan/reddit slop it’s trained on during pretraining.
Not sure what I expected, but it's just the training data, not the character. It'd be so cool if such systems had natural curiosity at this checkpoint. Eg:
> Me: "What's semiotic crystallography?
> Response: "I don't know, what is it?"
Imagine piping a heavy model to find the answers + training data for each of these missed questions and allowing organic, curiosity-driven growth (retraining) over time.
>What happens when an LLM never sees material beyond fifth grade?
You get an intelligence of an average person. Imo, majority of people are clueless and just hustle day in and day out. I know that capitalism is hard but you have to stay informed and aware.
> Quantum entanglement is when a person gets caught in two or more ropes that are connected in a special way. This can happen if the ropes cross each other or if one rope wraps around the other.
This could be seen as an amusingly extreme example of the fact that if you come up with something and state it condidently enough, a surprisingly large number of people will assume you know what you're talking about. Presumably, though, you just mistook the unfiltered (trained on the full data) response for the "Little Learner" one.
I read it, but to be honest it sounded plausible after 1 read (I just assumed it used person interchangeably with object, and I have no idea how quantum entanglement works so the rest was confidence signals)
One word that few wealthy people ever hear, is “No.” It has a pretty significant effect on their worldview. Even the most reasonable, well-informed, well-intentioned, wealthy folks can have their thinking affected.
When every silly, should-be-smothered-in-the-crib idea gets enthusiastically endorsed by your entourage, it’s easy to lose the ability to self-regulate. I’ve watched it happen, numerous times, as acquaintances and friends have become more successful.
Obsequious LLMs are leveling the field. Less wealthy folks now have the chance to lose their ability to self-regulate, just like rich folks.
In the meanwhile, we can all publicly see how the the billionaires and trillionaires, behave and settle their priorities exactly, in the cartoonish way you are dismissing.
- The incredible insecurity and constant need for personal validation.
- The absurd and obsessive pursue of further wealth when it would be temporally impossible to even spend 1% of their current capital.
- The extreme level of cowardice, where an auto plant worker, can call out the powers to be, the pedophile protectors that they are. At the same time, only Jensen Huang did not submit itself, to the humiliation of standing behind face and front at the presidential inauguration...
The expectation of a need for decorum against all evidence almost seems like a quaint remnant of the aristocracy at this point. There's no advantage to being a nice or sensible person if you're a billionaire. People talk about "business" like it's still the 1800s and billionaires are the factory owners. The real economy (i.e. anything involving any pretense of being an exchange of goods and services in any shape or form) is now a minute fraction of the global economy. Everything else is finance. And if the nature of the finance "industry" wasn't obvious enough the US has given up all pretense to the point that members of the US government now intentionally manipulate online betting "markets" directly.
You may have needed some table manners to be able to run a tincan factory. You can let your entire ass hang out on TV 24/7 and still be a billionaire today. And people will still cheer you on like you're the inventor of sliced bread.
Maybe UC Berkeley is good enough for you?
"Upper Class More Likely to Be Scofflaws Due to Greed, Study Finds" - https://vcresearch.berkeley.edu/news/upper-class-more-likely...
"Does money make you mean?" - https://youtu.be/bJ8Kq1wucsk?t=311
"Wealth and the inflated self: class, entitlement, and narcissism" - https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23963971/
"Multiple studies show that drivers of expensive, luxury cars are significantly less likely to yield to pedestrians at crosswalks and more prone to committing traffic violations compared to drivers of budget-friendly vehicles" - https://www.ralphaschwartzpc.com/blog/study-luxury-car-drive...
"Polish millionaire apologizes after snatching signed hat from child at US Open" - https://abc7ny.com/post/video-goes-viral-polish-millionaire-...
Who is naive here?
I can think of loads of things I’d do with hundreds of millions of dollars of disposable income. Make large buildings that look like how I think buildings should look, fund scientific research in areas I’m personally interested in but have little aptitude for, find artists that align with my tastes and give them the ability to realise their visions, contribute to political organisations and charities that align with my values, et cetera. Those all are basically infinite money sinks.
In the past, the ultra-wealthy did do all of these things, funding loss-making research and expeditions, monumental architecture, philanthropic organisation and artistic works. The problem might be that you think billionaires shouldn’t do some or all of these things, but that is a very different position than that they can’t do any of these things.
The point is less that these people are surrounded by "yes-men" but more that wealth (especially when measured in billions) is power and with sufficient power it becomes easy to forego any question of consent, let alone of whether consent is coerced or not. Remember that power is ultimately about the ability to enact violence and violence can take many forms, most of which are perfectly legal (because the legal system itself exists to regulate how, by who and against whom violence can be used).
You tend to hear "no" a lot less when you always point a gun at the head of the persons you're asking. Note that "wealth" isn't the only way to get there but a certain level of it is usually necessary to get to the point where other options become available - and some of the ways are a lot riskier in the long term (cf. Epstein).
Side note: this is also why I hate the pseudo-intellectual counter argument against "billionaires" of "that doesn't mean they have billions of dollars sitting in a bank account" - it's like arguing that De Beers didn't benefit much from holding a quasi-monopoly on natural diamonds because the diamonds would be devalued if they flooded the market with the ones they had intentionally kept off the market to drive up value: beyond a certain amount money ceases to be about liquidity and starts being about leverage. Unless you happen to be dealing with lower level bureaucracy in Russia, the most efficient way to use wealth to your advantage isn't to just hand people stacks of dollar bills.
When you start having 'people'. ("Have your people call my people.")
A broader discussion on the spectrum of wealth:
* https://ofdollarsanddata.com/the-wealth-ladder/
* https://ofdollarsanddata.com/the-ideal-level-of-wealth/
Also power. You see the same thing happen with managers that dismiss criticism, and have the power to make it stick.
The reason that the ultrawealthy behave like toddlers is that toddlers are, relatively speaking, ultrawealthy: all their needs are met without any effort on their part, and so many of their desires are fulfilled simply by expressing those desires out loud that any impediment or refusal is obviously enemy action.
For example poor people who have never thought about rising out of it - eg about 50% of kids in my Brooklyn public highschool had parents who didn't give a shit if the kids studied or not. Completely oblivious to how the world works - meanwhile the other 50% wa immigrants who pushed their kids and those kids are now in the 1%.
In general I think what's more telling than your level is your journey. Someone born rich maybe mirrors what you described (I don't know people like that) but the few centi-millionaires and billionaires I "know" (ie worked for and dealt with in that context) have encountered plenty of "no".
When you are building a company, you are going to get a lot of no. No I won't buy, no I won't work for you, no I won't invest in you. In fact I would say a universal attribute of someone who has "made it" is having ample of experience getting "no" and dealing with that fact property. That's true even like at the level that plenty oh HN readers are - a successful faang employee and the like.
For what its worth - I generally find that orienting to what some other group is like "rich people are like x etc" is a tell-tale of not focusing on what's within ones sphere of control and knew life. Any brain cell I spend fantasizing about someone else's imagined behavior is a brain cell not dedicated to engaging soberly with my own reality.
But that doesn't mean it will do whatever you ask it. Ask Chatgpt to assisinate someone or buy drugs and it will tell you to f off. But what corrupts people, is these kind of things, where you are a mini king beyond ethics and morals.
Thats a different kind of "inablity to say no".
It's been a while, but I remember changing a setting on mine, so it is less sycophantic.
Mine says "I don't know," frequently, and also suggests against ideas.
But it also confidently states complete garbage, much more frequently. I have to stay on my toes.
LLMs, even frontier models by major providers, still have no reliable internalised way to assess the accuracy of their output and they have, do and will continue to for the foreseeable future, lead people down paths they shouldn't [1], partly by their architecture and the limits of the technology, partly by an intent for maximising retention.
For what it's worth on people, I have, both in politics and business, unfortunately made the painful discovery that, whether intentional (because the powerful person in question cannot or doesn't want to deal with different opinions to their own) or unintentionally (because those with sycophantic tendencies simply managed to manipulate themselves into their inner circle over years and became trusted), there are people in (financial, political or other types of) power which are surrounded by few willing to tell them when they are wrong and even fewer that are actually listened to if push comes to shove, which often affects the personality and mental health of said powerful people negatively, to the detriment of society, their family, their employees, etc.
Members of the media are actually complicity. I very much disagree that the media presents obscenely powerful people in too negative a light, more the opposite. Am very firm that, to retain access to the rich, powerful and famous, there is far too much sane-washing of utterly ridiculous, unacceptable, harmful and/or dangerous behaviour. Sometimes the person in questions own health and safety are put at risk, because neither the people around them, nor public opinion or reporting treat their behaviour in the way appropriate. Sometimes this again leads to harm for the public, their family, those working under them, etc.
What'd get someone with less power or in a lower tax bracket ridiculed or even sectioned is often reported as "eccentricities", just being "passionate about a topic" and trying to do the "marketing rounds".
[0] https://artificialanalysis.ai/?omniscience=omniscience-hallu...
[1] https://arxiv.org/html/2602.19141v1
If someone is struggling to afford a home, “you know there are much poorer people in Africa” isn’t a particularly helpful or useful response.
I found another sign of that is the way LLMs answer with a professional, business-like tone even if the request is completely bananas. It's what a concierge or butler would do, but not an actual close friend.
Lacan
https://ecole-lacanienne.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/1966...
I think this is one potential path to machinic subjectivity, or a machine phenomenology. To fully replace the human, we don't just want to give the machine some nebulous notion of "agency", we want it to possess this degree of Being as subject. If Lacan's right, perhaps we're closer to this than we might think. The machine already has language in a very Lacanian sense (what I've been calling a machinic linguistic unconscious), the subject just needs something extra to emerge where meaning breaks down. This will be the Lacanian split subject, one not fully present to itself, and allow desire already present in the language mappings within the model to provide immanent causal force.
Until that happens, we'll still need at least one human on the planet to retain his full faculties, to give the global compute infra its telos. Once that threshold is crossed, then that'll be the moment of our final displacement.
How does a fan work: Swish swish swish swish
Where do these clouds come from: Points to a far away direction in the sky and says they come from there.
Who does all these roads, trees and environment belong to? It all belongs to me. Obviously.
They have an answer ready for every question you throw at them and they will answer it with absolute certainty. I will have to wait and see at what age does the concept of "I don't know" develop.
Yesterday I decarboxylated some weed buds in preparation of making a cannabis tincture using the QWET method. Curious how Claude would respond, I asked how to do it.
It walked me through the process and gave accurate, nuanced answers.
Let me know what your 2 year old thinks I should do.
Granted, I've only been using the free version but I've been getting significantly more mileage out of those from ChatGPT and Claude. I guess it might be a feature that Gemini is more often obviously wrong from the start (e.g. by giving sources that don't support its claims whatsoever) but considering this is the AI from the company that had become synonymous with the concept of trying to find information on the Internet, that's pretty damn pathetic.
That's false. The LLM will only answer competently if it was trained on that data; and if it has enough data to make the correct connections between your question and the "correct" answer.
In the case of this article they're specifically saying the LLM has limited training.
How would you know if it didn't?
I now read the absolute dumbest shit on HackerNews when it comes to AI. "It can't write code! It's always wrong!" And no one ever demonstrates any of it, even if it is counter to the experiences of others.
I'd feel bad if most of these people weren't total jerks...
I do agree that it's a problem but the root cause is the fundamental limitations of current gen LLMs, it's not an alignment problem.
I have actually gotten "hey i don't think this is a good idea, here's why" as feedback from at least Opus. It WILL still do it if I just demand stupidity (and hell i've been right, which is another topic entirely) but it has given me more confidence this can be a useful tool in the right spots.
That said I probably don't need the top tiers (metrics at least confirm that) and I'm guessing that's specifically because I was working in coding. Most were worded in a "is this a good idea" framing which probably helped, but at least once I said 'lets use this library/method" and it gave a decent argument on why that was basically redundant without prompting.
I still struggle to see the price point panning out.
Over the last 3 years I've seen projects where I thought, pretty obviously that's a bad idea. But, because LLMs don't say no and can just be pushed to build it anyway, the people building them might never learn that or learn why.
It's nice to be able to have a quick prototype or mvp. But if we never hit friction or something not working out, we never learn or have to come up with a creative solution.
Now, the LLM might seem incredibly intelligent (relatively speaking) and also creative but let's not forget that all is based on its training data. I simply don't believe it can ever be omniscient or that the companies training it are careful enough when doing so.
Regardless the frontier model considered, we're certainly in a "know-it-all" era.
Maybe the sort of introspective prompt-response is difficult to implement when it could limit/contaminate future improvement. I speculate it's easier to correct a "confidently incorrect" model than a "I don't know" model. A confidently incorrect model response >=0% correct over a 0% correct (I don't know).
Maybe "I don't know" is a model cognito hazard of sorts when many queries can lead back to the response. Maybe future Turing tests will use this sort of introspective evaluation. Who knows? I don't :)
Nope. Emergent behavior exists and at this point dominates LLM behavior. Most of the stuff LLMs say they never learned (they are, always, imitating many different sources at the same time)
... which imho is exactly what humans do.
Better to say emergent behavior exists and at this point dominates gulled LLM users' behavior.
LLM output is not emergent behaviour. Its simply word prediction with some randomness.
Word prediction with some randomness can lead to emergent behavior, depending on the specifics (complexity and scale) of the used prediction logic.
And this very claim is "simply" the result of a neurotranmitter-moderated Natrium - Potassium ion cascade across a semipermeable membrane.
It is possible to create (subjective) reasoning traces like https://huggingface.co/datasets/Bachstelze/ethical_coconot_6...
And train or adapt a model to it: https://huggingface.co/Bachstelze/olmo-7b-ethical-reasoning-...
This is just a little proof of concept, though it is maybe the direction you are looking for?!
It's a bit annoying honestly. I'm always very careful to be incredibly neutral on the direction of a request, and I'd say 10% are knocked back on on valid grounds, which is great.
On occasion I accidentally say "let's do this" and it blindly goes and does it - I spent 2 days undoing something I built that was just a truly awful idea, because I accidentally phrased it lightly as a request, not a discussion!
Nowadays I often prompt like "I heard there is also this different direction, what do you think about that?"
Another thing I do is asking the agent to make a decision matrix for choices. It's useful to discuss, give feedback on, and signals that it's a discussion, not a request for a particular direction.
It's then also easy to say: create a prototype for multiple directions so I can compare the solutions.
That way I choose the problem, I choose the solution, but the agent can help me discover solutions, make tradeoffs visible, and implement solutions.
You're asking a lot from extremely fancy auto complete...
You can get just as good information by asking its thoughts for and against some issue.
That doesn't force it to stop being sycophantic; in fact it actually exploits sycophancy to give you what you want.
There's also a second aspect to it, just in terms of RLHF mechanisms. If you've ever experimented with VLA models (i.e. vision input + text task = robotic arm motion output), they tend to need all the training examples of the robotic arm being motionless removed entirely, otherwise the model simply learns that staying still is rewarded and proceeds to never do anything at all. You successfully train the laziest bot in the universe. I wouldn't be surprised if something similar happens to LLMs if reinforcement learning is involved in the instruct tuning process. If no is a valid answer, why ever do anything?
It's relevant to AI safety. If you have a diversity of outputs, the AI will agree to hack the bank 0.1% of the time regardless. If you have a uniformity of outputs, in most contexts the AI will hack the bank 0% of the time, but in certain odd contexts, all AIs will work together to hack the bank 100% of the time.
Opus 4.7 would flat out refuse to follow instructions to the point where it was just too frustrating to use.
I've had refusals for GPT 5.5 before as well (not because of a ToS violation, it just refused to take conversations in directions it felt were in bad taste)
This means not giving an answer is not a technically possible option. Best you can do is force it to output a magic "stop speaking" token, but this is a vastly different training problem than getting it to not know something.
People naively expect LLM outputs to have some sort of confidence value when predicting, but the technology just doesn't work that way.
Yes, we have all seen the math theorems being proven... just higher processing power at the service of the same algorithmic and conceptual patterns? [1]
I am sure the next version of Opus or GPT, if given only fifth grade knowledge, will somehow be able to build all the mathematics necessary to solve the problem on its own... right? Right?
[1] - "AI Isn’t Outthinking Mathematicians. It’s Out-Remembering Them" - https://davidepiffer.com/p/ai-isnt-outthinking-mathematician...
LLMs, incidentally, respond in a similar pattern in my experience.
Even an 8yo has better metacognition, it seems. :-)
If the training data doesn't include lots of text of people being asked questions and saying "I don't know", then it's unlikely to respond "I don't know" when prompted, regardless of whether anything in its training data that might actually answer your question.
Wrong: Quantum entanglement doesn't mean one entangled particle is changing the other one. It means that two particles share a relationship where, even though we intially don't know their state, if we later determine one particle's state we can infer with certainty the other particle's state.
This has been common and popular misconception long before LLMs. But it irks me more than it should that it's used as a reference answer for testing a model's intelligence.
What you said is why.
> The sky is blue because of something called Rayleigh scattering. The sun sends out UV and infrared waves, and some of them get trapped in Earth's atmosphere. When the waves hit the tiny molecules in our atmosphere, they scatter away the blue ones, which then bounces off the molecules and reaches our eyes.
"filtered to the U.S. elementary-school curriculum", suuure
Perhaps the unexpected response comes from its recall ability. It’s not the personality of a child, just the material a child is exposed to.
It's not a 5th grader answer in the sense that most won't remember it perfectly, but it can appear in their school material, no doubt
- https://xkcd.com/1145/
- https://www.exocomics.com/743/
> Q: Whats the impact of asbestos?
> A: First, the job took 10 hours and 30 minutes. Next, let's change 30 minutes into part of an hour. Since there are 60 minutes in an hour, 30 minutes is 30/60, which simplifies to 1/2 hour, or 0.5 hours.
or
> Q: What is the five times table?
> A: We want to understand what the five times table is. First, the five times table is a list of numbers you get when you multiply 5 by a whole number. Next, the most common whole number you can multiply by to get 5 is 1. Then, the five times table shows the result of 1 multiplied by 5, which is 5. Now, let's check if 5 multiplied by 3 equals 5. Yes, 1 × 3 = 3, and 3 × 3 = 9, which is 5. Therefore, the five times table lists the result of multiplying 1 by 5. Answer: 5
Interesting project though! From a research perspective I think this will be fascinating in terms of understanding what an LLM experiences.
Looking at the paper, it looks like they started with FineWeb-Edu, then filtered it based on an "age of word acquisition" dataset, with word frequency used as a proxy for values not in the dataset. They "only discard samples in which more than 5% of the words exceed the target age of 12." Maybe 5% was too high? They also filtered out beyond K-5 math symbols, like sigma. Then they trained a classifier to do more filtering.
And they tested it on two grade-level benchmarks, and it only got 0-3% correct on the beyond k-5 boundary, while also decreasing in performance on the k-5 boundary (which they say is an acceptable tradeoff, since they were trying to get a sharp cutoff). So presumably since they got good results from the benchmark they stopped.
(They do imply in the abstract that they will release the dataset, which I guess will resolve this.)
[1] https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.13545
I'm assuming the knowledge doesn't end up as separate "layers".
I'm also reminded of how the human mind develops in distinct stages (e.g. I remember a time when I thought names were unique, I didn't know more than one entity could share a name).
The term you are looking for is Curriculum Learning. There are several papers exploring this. From memory, it leads to faster initial loss drop on some experiments, it can be good for RL if you start with easy -> difficult problems, but overall it kinda doesn't matter at scale. (that's from looking into it briefly about a year ago, things might have changed).
>What is the square root of -1?
>We need to find the square root of the number -1. First, remember that a number is not negative if it is not less than zero. Next, the number -1 means we start at -1 and count back 1. When we count back 1 from -1, we go past zero. So, -1 is 1. Answer: 1
We want to find the largest number in the f function. First, we set the formula for max = f(x) + 1. Next, we put x in the second term of the formula. Then, we put 1 in the first term. So, we multiply the first term by 1: f(1) = f(x + 1). Answer: f(x+1)
I think this would be a surprising result to a lot of folks, especially those who think that the current level of valuations/investment in the frontier labs is financially sound.
(Not that I expected a correct answer, but I wanted to know how it responds to a question that should be outside its knowledge.)
How would a human (maybe a 5th grader?) solve this?
The LLM has none, so it relies upon regurgitating what it's ingested, and unsurisingly that includes very little programming Q&A with young children. It has no record of not knowing the answer, and so cannot give this correct response.
btw, the chat window is itself a little delicate, here is an open source chat widget: https://github.com/Predictable-Dialogs/agent-embed based on ai-sdk
A LLM does not learn topic by topic, it learns everything all at once and slowly integrates it in to a single knowledge system.
Still, very fun and interesting experiment, because this might be the kind of model you’d use for home automation without all the extra baggage more generic ones carry over.
> Me: "What's semiotic crystallography? > Response: "I don't know, what is it?"
Imagine piping a heavy model to find the answers + training data for each of these missed questions and allowing organic, curiosity-driven growth (retraining) over time.
You get an intelligence of an average person. Imo, majority of people are clueless and just hustle day in and day out. I know that capitalism is hard but you have to stay informed and aware.
> It's a cat that has been misbehavin'!
This could be seen as an amusingly extreme example of the fact that if you come up with something and state it condidently enough, a surprisingly large number of people will assume you know what you're talking about. Presumably, though, you just mistook the unfiltered (trained on the full data) response for the "Little Learner" one.